{
  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
  "$id": "https://openraga.org/schema/raga/0.2/raga.schema.json",
  "title": "RagaJSON Schema",
  "description": "Machine-readable schema for describing ragas of Indian classical music.",
  "type": "object",
  "properties": {
    "name": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Raga name."
    },
    "name_devanagari": {
      "type": "string",
      "pattern": "^[\\u0900-\\u097F][\\u0900-\\u097F ]*$",
      "description": "Raga name in Devanagari script."
    },
    "aliases": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string",
        "minLength": 1
      },
      "uniqueItems": true,
      "minItems": 1,
      "description": "Alternate names and spellings of the raga (e.g. Bhup, Bhup kalyan for Bhupali)."
    },
    "system": {
      "const": "Hindustani",
      "description": "Indian classical music system (Hindustani)."
    },
    "thaat": {
      "type": "string",
      "enum": ["Bilawal", "Kalyan", "Khamaj", "Bhairav", "Purvi", "Marwa", "Kafi", "Asavari", "Bhairavi", "Todi"],
      "description": "Parent thaat (parent scale) of the raga per the Bhatkhande system."
    },
    "classification": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "$ref": "#/$defs/classification_enum"
      },
      "uniqueItems": true,
      "description": "Raga classifications. A raga may belong to several categories at once."
    },
    "description": {
      "type": "string",
      "minLength": 1,
      "description": "Free-form prose: history, character, note treatment, ornamentation, performance conventions — details not expressible in structured fields."
    },
    "similar_ragas": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string",
        "minLength": 1
      },
      "uniqueItems": true,
      "minItems": 1,
      "description": "Names of ragas easily confused with this one; the distinctions belong in description."
    },
    "structure": {
      "type": "object",
      "description": "Structural parameters of the raga (notes, patterns, etc.).",
      "properties": {
        "aroha": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/$defs/note_enum"
          },
          "description": "Ascending sequence of notes (with saptak/octave)"
        },
        "avaroha": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/$defs/note_enum"
          },
          "description": "Descending sequence of notes (with saptak/octave)"
        },
        "vadi": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/sargam_enum",
          "description": "Vadi — principal (most prominent) note of the raga (pitch class, octave-independent)"
        },
        "samvadi": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/sargam_enum",
          "description": "Samvadi — second most prominent note of the raga (pitch class, octave-independent)"
        },
        "pakad": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/$defs/phrase"
          },
          "minItems": 1,
          "description": "Pakad — characteristic melodic phrases of the raga"
        }
      },
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "performance": {
      "type": "object",
      "description": "Performance-related information (time, season, rasa, etc.).",
      "properties": {
        "time_of_day": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/$defs/time_of_day_enum"
          },
          "uniqueItems": true,
          "description": "Traditional time of day (Samay Chakra) for raga performance. Array of strings."
        },
        "season": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/season_enum",
          "description": "Traditional season for raga performance."
        },
        "rasa": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/$defs/rasa_enum"
          },
          "uniqueItems": true,
          "description": "List of emotional associations (rasa) for the raga"
        }
      },
      "additionalProperties": false
    }
  },
  "required": ["name", "system"],
  "additionalProperties": false,
  "$defs": {
    "time_of_day_enum": {
      "title": "TimeOfDayEnum",
      "description": "Time of day classifications for raga performance. Based on traditional Ashta Prahar system with modern equivalents.",
      "type": "string",
      "oneOf": [
        {
          "const": "Pratah",
          "displayName": "Dawn",
          "description": "Pratah kaal - dawn period, approximately 4-7 AM"
        },
        {
          "const": "Purvaahn",
          "displayName": "Morning",
          "description": "Purvaahn - morning period, approximately 7-10 AM"
        },
        {
          "const": "Madhyaahn",
          "displayName": "Late Morning",
          "description": "Madhyaahn - late morning/midday, approximately 10 AM-1 PM"
        },
        {
          "const": "Aparaahn",
          "displayName": "Afternoon",
          "description": "Aparaahn - afternoon period, approximately 1-4 PM"
        },
        {
          "const": "Sandhya",
          "displayName": "Evening",
          "description": "Sandhya kaal - evening twilight, approximately 4-7 PM"
        },
        {
          "const": "Pradosh",
          "displayName": "Early Night",
          "description": "Pradosh kaal - early night, approximately 7-10 PM"
        },
        {
          "const": "Nisha",
          "displayName": "Mid Night",
          "description": "Nisha kaal - deep night, approximately 10 PM-1 AM"
        },
        {
          "const": "Ardha-ratri",
          "displayName": "Late Night",
          "description": "Ardha-ratri - late night/early dawn, approximately 1-4 AM"
        },
        {
          "const": "Unrestricted",
          "displayName": "Unrestricted",
          "description": "No specific time restriction - suitable for any time of day"
        }
      ],
      "examples": ["Pratah", "Sandhya", "Unrestricted"]
    },
    "season_enum": {
      "title": "SeasonEnum",
      "description": "Reference list for indicating the season or time of year traditionally associated with raga performance.",
      "type": "string",
      "oneOf": [
        { "const": "Vasant", "displayName": "Spring", "description": "Spring season" },
        { "const": "Varsha", "displayName": "Monsoon", "description": "Monsoon or rainy season" },
        { "const": "Sharad", "displayName": "Autumn", "description": "Autumn season" },
        { "const": "Hemant", "displayName": "Pre-winter", "description": "Pre-winter or late autumn season" },
        { "const": "Shishir", "displayName": "Winter", "description": "Winter season" },
        { "const": "Grishma", "displayName": "Summer", "description": "Summer season" },
        { "const": "No Specific Season", "displayName": "Any Season", "description": "No specific season restriction; can be performed anytime" }
      ],
      "examples": ["Vasant", "Varsha", "No Specific Season"]
    },
    "sargam_enum": {
      "title": "SargamEnum",
      "description": "Hindustani sargam pitch classes (octave-less) in Bhatkhande notation, used where the octave is not meaningful (vadi, samvadi); melodic sequences use note_enum instead. Machine‑friendly const values use ASCII UPPER_SNAKE; suffix _KOMAL denotes komal (flat) notes and _TIVRA denotes tivra (sharp). displayName follows Bhatkhande convention: uppercase = shuddha, lowercase = komal, 'Má' = tivra.",
      "type": "string",
      "oneOf": [
        {
          "const": "SA",
          "displayName": "Sa"
        },
        {
          "const": "RE_KOMAL",
          "displayName": "re"
        },
        {
          "const": "RE",
          "displayName": "Re"
        },
        {
          "const": "GA_KOMAL",
          "displayName": "ga"
        },
        {
          "const": "GA",
          "displayName": "Ga"
        },
        {
          "const": "MA",
          "displayName": "Ma"
        },
        {
          "const": "MA_TIVRA",
          "displayName": "Má"
        },
        {
          "const": "PA",
          "displayName": "Pa"
        },
        {
          "const": "DHA_KOMAL",
          "displayName": "dha"
        },
        {
          "const": "DHA",
          "displayName": "Dha"
        },
        {
          "const": "NI_KOMAL",
          "displayName": "ni"
        },
        {
          "const": "NI",
          "displayName": "Ni"
        }
      ],
      "examples": ["SA", "RE_KOMAL", "MA_TIVRA"],
      "tags": ["hindustani", "bhatkhande"]
    },
    "note_enum": {
      "title": "NoteEnum",
      "description": "Hindustani sargam note with saptak (octave) for melodic sequences. Token morphology: SWARA[_KOMAL|_TIVRA][_MANDRA|_TAR]; the unmarked octave is madhya. displayName uses the prime sign ′ (U+2032): prefix = mandra, suffix = tar; Má = tivra Ma. Long vowels are not doubled in transliteration (TAR, not TAAR).",
      "type": "string",
      "oneOf": [
        { "const": "SA_MANDRA", "displayName": "′Sa" },
        { "const": "RE_KOMAL_MANDRA", "displayName": "′re" },
        { "const": "RE_MANDRA", "displayName": "′Re" },
        { "const": "GA_KOMAL_MANDRA", "displayName": "′ga" },
        { "const": "GA_MANDRA", "displayName": "′Ga" },
        { "const": "MA_MANDRA", "displayName": "′Ma" },
        { "const": "MA_TIVRA_MANDRA", "displayName": "′Má" },
        { "const": "PA_MANDRA", "displayName": "′Pa" },
        { "const": "DHA_KOMAL_MANDRA", "displayName": "′dha" },
        { "const": "DHA_MANDRA", "displayName": "′Dha" },
        { "const": "NI_KOMAL_MANDRA", "displayName": "′ni" },
        { "const": "NI_MANDRA", "displayName": "′Ni" },
        { "const": "SA", "displayName": "Sa" },
        { "const": "RE_KOMAL", "displayName": "re" },
        { "const": "RE", "displayName": "Re" },
        { "const": "GA_KOMAL", "displayName": "ga" },
        { "const": "GA", "displayName": "Ga" },
        { "const": "MA", "displayName": "Ma" },
        { "const": "MA_TIVRA", "displayName": "Má" },
        { "const": "PA", "displayName": "Pa" },
        { "const": "DHA_KOMAL", "displayName": "dha" },
        { "const": "DHA", "displayName": "Dha" },
        { "const": "NI_KOMAL", "displayName": "ni" },
        { "const": "NI", "displayName": "Ni" },
        { "const": "SA_TAR", "displayName": "Sa′" },
        { "const": "RE_KOMAL_TAR", "displayName": "re′" },
        { "const": "RE_TAR", "displayName": "Re′" },
        { "const": "GA_KOMAL_TAR", "displayName": "ga′" },
        { "const": "GA_TAR", "displayName": "Ga′" },
        { "const": "MA_TAR", "displayName": "Ma′" },
        { "const": "MA_TIVRA_TAR", "displayName": "Má′" },
        { "const": "PA_TAR", "displayName": "Pa′" },
        { "const": "DHA_KOMAL_TAR", "displayName": "dha′" },
        { "const": "DHA_TAR", "displayName": "Dha′" },
        { "const": "NI_KOMAL_TAR", "displayName": "ni′" },
        { "const": "NI_TAR", "displayName": "Ni′" }
      ],
      "examples": ["SA", "NI_KOMAL_MANDRA", "SA_TAR"],
      "tags": ["hindustani", "bhatkhande"]
    },
    "phrase": {
      "title": "Phrase",
      "description": "Melodic phrase: an ordered, non-empty sequence of sargam notes with saptak (octave).",
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "$ref": "#/$defs/note_enum"
      },
      "minItems": 1
    },
    "rasa_enum": {
      "title": "RasaEnum",
      "description": "Emotional associations (rasa) for raga: shringara, karuna, vira, etc.",
      "type": "string",
      "oneOf": [
        { "const": "Shringara", "displayName": "Romantic", "description": "Romance, love, and beauty" },
        { "const": "Karuna", "displayName": "Compassionate", "description": "Compassion, grief, and pity" },
        { "const": "Vira", "displayName": "Heroic", "description": "Heroism, courage, and bravery" },
        { "const": "Shanta", "displayName": "Peaceful", "description": "Peace, tranquility, and calmness" },
        { "const": "Bhakti", "displayName": "Devotional", "description": "Devotion and spiritual love" },
        { "const": "Hasya", "displayName": "Joyful", "description": "Joy, mirth, and humor" },
        { "const": "Adbhuta", "displayName": "Wondrous", "description": "Wonder, amazement, and mystery" },
        { "const": "Raudra", "displayName": "Furious", "description": "Anger, fury, and wrath" },
        { "const": "Bibhatsa", "displayName": "Disgusting", "description": "Disgust and aversion" },
        { "const": "Bhayanaka", "displayName": "Terrifying", "description": "Fear, terror, and horror" }
      ],
      "examples": ["Shringara", "Karuna"]
    },
    "classification_enum": {
      "title": "ClassificationEnum",
      "description": "Hindustani-specific raga classifications: traditional categories of character, origin, and melodic movement. Note-count classes are covered separately by JatiEnum.",
      "type": "string",
      "oneOf": [
        { "const": "Upanga", "displayName": "Upanga", "description": "A raga that uses only the notes of its parent thaat or retains its pure distinct character" },
        { "const": "Bhashanga", "displayName": "Bhashanga", "description": "A raga that borrows a foreign note (vivadi) to enhance its beauty" },
        { "const": "Vakra", "displayName": "Vakra", "description": "A raga with a crooked or zig-zag ascending/descending scale" },
        { "const": "Naya", "displayName": "Naya", "description": "A modern or recently created raga" },
        { "const": "Desya", "displayName": "Desya", "description": "A raga of regional or folk origin" },
        { "const": "Ghana", "displayName": "Ghana", "description": "A heavy or profound raga, often performed with elaborate ornamentation in vilambit (slow) tempo" },
        { "const": "Rakti", "displayName": "Rakti", "description": "A highly melodic raga known primarily for its strong emotional appeal and pleasing nature" },
        { "const": "Thaat", "displayName": "Thaat", "description": "A principal raga that gives its name to one of the parent scales (thaats)" }
      ],
      "examples": ["Upanga", "Thaat", "Vakra"],
      "tags": ["hindustani"]
    }
  }
}